What is Hemorrhoid?
Hemorrhoids are a health problem caused by swelling and inflammation of the veins around the anus. Hemorrhoids can be categorized into two main groups: enlargement or protrusion of the veins in the inner lining of the anus and rectum. Hemorrhoids are a fairly common condition and are generally associated with toilet habits, lifestyle, and genetic factors. The degree, severity, and treatment requirements of hemorrhoids can vary from person to person.
Hemorrhoid Formation
Hemorrhoids generally occur as a result of pressure on the veins in the lower part of the anus and rectum. These veins are located around the anus to allow blood to return. The main factors that cause hemorrhoids to develop are:
1-Excessive straining: Straining excessively while defecating puts pressure on the veins around the anus and can cause them to enlarge over time.
2-Constipation: Hard stools, prolonged bowel habits, and constipation strain the veins around the anus and can increase the risk of hemorrhoid formation.
3-Bowel habits: Sitting on the toilet for long periods of time or straining unnecessarily can trigger hemorrhoids.
4-High pressure: Lifting weights, standing, or sitting for long periods can put excessive pressure on the veins around the anus, leading to the development of hemorrhoids.
5-Pregnancy: Increased hormones and the growing uterus during pregnancy can put pressure on the pelvic area, increasing the risk of hemorrhoids.
6-Obesity: Being overweight can trigger hemorrhoids due to increased body pressure.
7-Age: As age progresses, the likelihood of developing hemorrhoids increases due to weakened connective tissues.
8-Genetic factors: Individuals with a family history of hemorrhoids are more likely to develop the condition.
Types of Hemorrhoids
Hemorrhoids are generally divided into two main types: internal hemorrhoids and external hemorrhoids.
1-Internal Hemorrhoids: Internal hemorrhoids occur when the veins in the lower rectum, inside the anus, become swollen. They are usually painless but can bleed. Internal hemorrhoids can cause bleeding during bowel movements, mucus discharge, and sometimes prolapse. The severity of internal hemorrhoids can vary. First-degree internal hemorrhoids are located only within the rectum and do not protrude, while fourth-degree internal hemorrhoids may have protruded and become very difficult to return to their original position.
2-External Hemorrhoids: External hemorrhoids occur when veins on the outside of the anus swell. They are often associated with pain, itching, a burning sensation, and bleeding. This type of hemorrhoid can become thrombosed (blood clotted) when veins under the skin clot, causing severe pain.
Symptoms:
The symptoms of hemorrhoids can vary depending on the type, severity, and individual differences. The most common symptoms of hemorrhoids include:
1-Pain and discomfort: External hemorrhoids are usually painful, and this pain can worsen when going to the toilet or sitting. Internal hemorrhoids are usually painless but can bleed. Bleeding: Fresh red blood during bowel movements can be a sign of internal or external hemorrhoids. Bleeding is usually painless, and fresh red blood can be seen in the toilet along with the stool.
2-Itching and Inflammation: The skin around the hemorrhoid can become irritated, causing itching. Swelling, redness, and inflammation can also occur around the hemorrhoid.
3-Swelling and Bloating: Swelling around the anus can occur due to external hemorrhoids, which can cause discomfort.
4-Mucus Discharge: Internal hemorrhoids can sometimes cause mucus discharge, causing a wet feeling around the anus.
5-Prolapse: Advanced cases of internal hemorrhoids can prolapse, making them quite painful and uncomfortable.
Diagnosis and Examination
Hemorrhoids are usually diagnosed through a physical examination. The doctor can determine the presence and severity of external hemorrhoids by examining the area around the anus. Diagnosis of internal hemorrhoids can be made through a digital rectal examination and anoscopy. An anoscopy is a specialized instrument used to examine the inside of the anus and rectum. Because other symptoms, such as bleeding, can be associated with other conditions, the doctor may sometimes order additional tests.
Treatment Methods
Treatment for hemorrhoids varies depending on the severity of the condition. Simple home remedies are usually sufficient for mild cases, while more severe cases may require medical or surgical intervention.
-Fiber and water intake: Drinking enough water and consuming fiber-rich foods is important to prevent constipation and hard stools. This helps soften stools and contributes to the healing of hemorrhoids.
-Pain relievers and topical treatments: Topical creams or ointments can be used for pain and inflammation. Over-the-counter pain relievers (such as paracetamol) can also relieve pain.
-Warm water baths (Sitz baths): Warm water baths placed around the anus can relieve pain and promote healing.
