Obesity isn’t just an aesthetic problem; it’s also a serious health threat. Excess body fat can lead to many chronic diseases and health problems. Here are the main harms of obesity:

1. Cardiovascular Diseases
High Blood Pressure: Obesity can increase blood pressure, leading to hypertension (high blood pressure). This is a significant risk factor for heart disease.
Heart Attack and Stroke: Obesity puts pressure on blood vessels, leading to the development of atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries). This can trigger heart attacks, strokes, and other cardiovascular diseases.
High Cholesterol: Obesity can increase bad cholesterol (LDL) levels and lower good cholesterol (HDL), which can lead to atherosclerosis.
2. Diabetes (Type 2)
Obesity causes insulin resistance, straining the pancreas’ insulin-producing capacity and paving the way for the development of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes can cause uncontrolled blood sugar levels.
3. Cancer Risk
Obesity increases the risk of developing certain types of cancer. Obese individuals are more likely to develop certain types of cancer, particularly breast cancer, colon cancer, uterine cancer, pancreatic cancer, and liver cancer. Fat tissue can increase hormones and growth factors that can trigger the growth of cancer cells.
4. Sleep Apnea
Obesity can lead to the development of sleep apnea (temporary cessation of breathing during sleep). Excess body fat blocks the airways, making it difficult to breathe during sleep. Sleep apnea reduces sleep quality and can lead to more serious health problems, such as heart disease.
5. Joint Burden
Excess weight puts extra pressure on joints. The knees, hip joints, and spine are particularly affected by this pressure. Over time, these joints can wear down and develop conditions such as osteoarthritis (joint inflammation).
6. Digestive Problems
Obesity also has negative effects on the digestive system. Stomach problems such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are more common due to obesity. Obesity can also lead to liver problems such as fatty liver disease (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease).
7. Mental Health Problems
Obesity can also cause psychological problems such as depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem. Weight gain can lead to social exclusion or aesthetic concerns. As a result, a person can feel more stressed.
Eating disorders and emotional eating are other psychological factors that can contribute to obesity.
8. Fertility Problems
In women, obesity can cause hormonal imbalances such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), leading to fertility problems. In men, excess weight can lead to problems such as low sperm count and decreased libido.
9. Shortness of Breath and Respiratory Problems
Obesity can prevent the lungs from functioning properly and worsen respiratory diseases such as asthma. Additionally, a large abdomen can compress the lungs, causing shortness of breath, especially during physical activity.
10. Weakened Immune System
Obesity can weaken the immune system. Excess fat tissue reduces the body’s ability to fight infections, making it more susceptible to disease.

11. Reduced Quality of Life and Lifespan
Obesity negatively impacts overall quality of life. Physical activity decreases, overall energy levels decrease, and life enjoyment decreases. Furthermore, obesity-related diseases can shorten lifespan.